What bacterial cell type is a flexible, spring-like structure? Research should focus on longer course antibiotics that are more effective at lower doses. This phenomenon is called the Pasteur effect. -Physicians should prescribe antibiotics carefully by choosing narrow-spectrum agents when possible. D) Antigens only come from microbes It transports H and phosphate (H2PO4-) across the membrane. Polymyxins are derived from a species of which of the following? A) the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule, You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. Inosine monophosphate (IMP), product of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway, can serve as a precursor of both GMP and AMP. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to ________. 40) Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3-D shape? A diagram of the reactions of the first cycle of fatty acid synthesis is shown below. Which method of pasteurization uses a lower temperature for a longer period of time? Bio mastering Bio mastering PHSchool.com was retired due to Adobes decision to stop supporting Flash in 2020. Sort the following phrases as they pertain to fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation. WebAppendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include axial filaments and _____ flagella. 1) Which of the following is not a polymer? Choose all that apply., Without Why has the United States and Europe banned the use of human drugs in animal feeds? Synthesis of the amino acid alanine involves reduction (that is, the precursor is reduced); its degradation involves oxidation. D) are proportionately more common in eukaryotic introns than in eukaryotic exons. Will this rate of increase continue over the next 150 years? 37) Use the following information to answer the question. Acetyl-CoA has two alternative fates. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity? Which are example of using dry heat to sterilize materials? A) cellulose, 12) A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ________. Biology Chapter 3 Which of the following are strategies that can help limit drug resistance of microorganisms? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Choose all the true statements about the electron transport chain., The electron transport chain (ETC), or respiratory chain, is linked to proton movement and ATP synthesis. c the tropomyosin molecule. Only three sentences are accurate; four are inaccurate. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Biomolecules, Proteins, Lipids and more. consumers and producers together determine the prices and quantities of goods and services produced and more. Describe the population growth curve of houseflies. Which step is the rate-determining step of cholesterol synthesis? WebMany enzymes have active sites that contain acidic or basic amino acids. If, someday, an archaean cell is discovered whose rRNA sequence is more similar to that of humans than the sequence of mouse rRNA is to that of humans, the best explanation for this apparent discrepancy would be, The best classification system is that which most closely. A(n)___ is a combination of iodine and an organic carrier (such as alcohol) that serves as a moderate-level disinfectant and antiseptic. True or false: The different coccal arrangements are a consequence of growth in broth or on solid media. There is some evidence that reptiles called cynodonts may have had whisker-like hairs around their mouths. A) type of sugar. ATP synthase, shown below, uses the proton (H ) gradient to drive ATP synthesis. D. When placed in a _____ solution, a cell will exhibit a net loss of water. Fimbriae, flagella, and pili are all examples of _____ structures found in some bacteria. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits ________. 44) Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA? E. gene probes., 2. Conserved sequences of nucleic acids, Species that are not closely related and that do not share many anatomical similarities can still be placed together on the same phylogenetic tree by comparing their. Resistance to tetracycline typically results from plasmid-encoded proteins that ____________ that drug out of the cell. Anabolic only B.) ___ oxide is valuable for sterilization of heat-sensitive objects such as plastics, surgical and diagnostic appliances, and spices, but other related gases are available that are less toxic. Chemical agents that can destroy all form of life, including spores are called__. Quizlet Which antimicrobic does not inhibit with protein synthesis. The HMG-CoA reductase reaction (the rate-limiting step) is a major feedback control point for cholesterol synthesis. An antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microbial types is called a(n) ________ spectrum antibiotic. They form complexes with fungal sterols in their cell membranes causing seepage of small ions. The disruption of proteins from their native state is known as __. Which of the following is a bacterial cell wall inhibitor found in over-the-counter antibacterial ointments? Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance is associated with an alteration of the drugs target on the organism's __________. C) The parts of antigen molecules that initiate immune responses are called epitopes or antigenic determinants. A. ), Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include axial filaments and _____________, A tuft of flagella from a single site is referred to as a __________ arrangement, whereas flagella dispersed over the surface of the cell is referred to as ____________. A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and The basis of this effect is the shift from fermentation to oxidative phosphorylation to regenerate NAD . Cephalosporins are given orally, when poorly absorbed from the intestine they must be administered _________________. The cell walls of most bacteria are composed primarily of which of the following? Which of the following structures in bacteria protect the cell from lysis (rupture) in hypotonic environments? The drug that can cause aplastic anemia, and is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses is, A semisynthetic antibiotic is a drug which is chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources. What is a concern when attempting to control a microbial population? D. gel electrophoresis. Fatty acid synthesis consumes acetyl-CoA, ATP, and NADPH. Quizlet The internal gelatinous matrix of a cell, mostly composed of water, is referred to as ________. agents that are highly selective in their targets are usually effective against a __ range of microbes. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The type of bonding and the numbers of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by _____. Which of the following is an example of drug that blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis and exhibits excellent selective toxicity? $$ How does the practice of routinely feeding antibiotics to farm animals to make them grow more rapidly and become larger contribute to antibiotic resistance? Since DNA contains the genetic material for an organism, it is important that it be copied when a cell divides into daughter cells. a. contain more sodium b. contain fewer double bonds c. contain less hydrogen d. contain more double bonds e. are less soluble in water, Maltose is a WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The term "metabolism" includes which type(s) of cellular reactions? An autoclave is a sterilization chamber that allows the use of __ to sterilize materials. Phosphatidate (phosphatidic acid), shown below, is a precursor in the synthesis of some lipids. __ are organic substances that contain a -CHO functional group on a terminal carbon. -enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic. NADH dehydrogenase complex. 60) The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Quizlet Birds and mammals, however, are alike in having four-chambered hearts (two atria, two ventricles). They are sites of bone marrow I production C. They indicate sites of blood vessels enter through bone. The electron transport chain is a series of oxi-redox reactions that occurs in the inner mito. A) they are missing an enzyme. Which of the following cephalosporins are considered broad-spectrum antibiotics? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like george cuvier, jean - baptise, thoms malthus and more. & & x & \\ Which of these is a valid prediction regarding the fate of pseudogenes over evolutionary time? During _________ , bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to light. __ are chemical agents that kill non-endospore forming pathogens. Steroid hormones - formed from cholesterol. Which of the following diseases can be treated with tetracyclines such as doxycycline and minocycline? 6) Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. Which of the following descriptions of S-adenosylmethionine are accurate? Conserved sequences of nucleic acids A) are found in the most crucial portions of proteins. E. All of the choices are correct depending on the type of microorganism observed., Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes have A. histone Microsoft says a Sony deal with Activision stops Call of Duty Linnaeus would have been uncomfortable with. D. When placed in a _____ solution, a cell will exhibit a net loss of water. A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and 6) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. T/F, Ciprofloxacin is used to treat viral respiratory infections. T/F, A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is, Resistance factor plasmids are transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Based on these results, what would be the name of this type of drug strategy? what is a chemical agent's mode of action? _____ proposed that clay may have served as the site of polymerization of monomers to produce both nucleic acids and proteins at the same time. Nucleic acid sequences that undergo few changes over the course of evolutionary time are said to be conserved. Bio mastering The most important feature that permits a gene to act as a molecular clock is, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Sulfisoxazole is the best antimicrobial for treating which of the following diseases? 5 These include G q coupling to the inositol triphosphate pathway, activation of phospholipases C, A 2, and D which contribute to eicosanoid production, activation of Ca 2+-dependent and MAP kinases, G i and G 12/13, and eventual activation of the Jak/STAT pathway leading to cell growth and production of extracellular matrix components. FADH2 - coenzyme Q - cytochrome b - cytochrome a - O2. Chlorohexidine can kill/ inactivate most: What microbial agent is the most resistant to physical and chemical control methods? The mode of action of chloramphenicol is to block the formation of which of the following bonds? (Choose two. C. recombinant DNA. 58) The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Not all labels will be used. A) fatty acid. Inhibiting the malate--ketoglutarate transporter will prevent the regeneration of NAD by the malate-aspartate shuttle in the cytosol, thus forcing the kidney cells to switch to anaerobic glycolysis via lactate fermentation. mostly include methanogens include halo bacterium. Chapter 7 Conserved sequences of nucleic acids A) are found in the most crucial portions of proteins. The use of an organism's biochemical processes to create a product is A. genetic engineering. What type of agent specifically destroys bacterial endospores? Another term for the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is the _________ membrane. Why do younger, active cells die more quickly when exposed to microbicidal agents? The synthesis of proteins involves organelles known as __ in a process called translation. A) Antigens can include proteins, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and certain large polysaccharides. If an agent disrupts the cell wall, the cell is likely to experience: An object is __ if it is free of all viable microorganisms including viruses. One mechanism by which microbes can become resistant to a drug is to produce a(n) _______ that alters the structure of the drug. Select the true statements regarding non-shivering thermogenesis. A) glucose B) starch C) RNA D) DNA, How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule? In mice, the factor for black fur is dominant (B). Chapter 5 Consider the reaction: 4) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the A) primary level. Fatty acid synthesis begins with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl CoA to fatty acid synthase. The prefix "staphylo-" is used to indicate that the cells are arranged in: nucleic acid D.) lipid. Clarithromycin and azithromycin belong to which group of drugs? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Palm oil and coconut oil are more like animal fats than are other plant oils. 6) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because ________. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Choose all the true statements about the electron transport chain., The electron transport chain (ETC), or respiratory chain, is linked to proton movement and ATP synthesis. B) Antigens exhibit immunogenicity and reactivity. Entrepreneurship True and False Questions Also called intermittent sterilization, __ is the use of repeated steaming and incubation cycles for sterilization. The __ method od pasteurization exposes liquids to higher temperature for a very short time, whereas the __ method uses lower temperatures for a longer period. This deficiency does not allow purine nucleotide production via the salvage pathway. Transcription and translation are the means by which cells read out, or express, the genetic instructions in their genes. What is the major disadvantage of the dry oven in sterilization? The process that copies DNA is called replication. Individuals with a genetic defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase require an additional amino acid in their diet which is not an essential amino acid in the ordinary human diet. Synercid binds to ribosomes inhibiting the process of _______. Please select the five primary modes of actions of antimicrobial drugs. Determine whether each of the following describes PC synthesis from choline or from phosphatidylethanolamine. Which of the following statements concerning biofilm is correct? A table of standard reduction potentials is given for reference. Additionally, the cells also synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Phosphate translocase is also located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Quizlet B, C. Which of the following is not a primary site for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria? the use of dry heat to destroy all microbes. 24) Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________. A) glucose B) starch C) RNA D) DNA Answer, 2) How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule? Identify the most direct source of the sulfur atom in these amino acids in humans. C) The parts of antigen molecules that initiate immune responses are called epitopes or antigenic determinants. They include: norepinephrine, and epinephrine Peptide hormones - formed from amino acids. A group of cells in a palisade arrangement will have the cellular morphology. Domain Archaea is most closely related to Domain_________ , because they share rRNA sequences and similar ribosomal structures. consumers and producers together determine the prices and quantities of goods and services produced, most of your communication as a business owner will be written, and you will rarely make business transactions over the telephone, production and consumption of a service business happens at the same time, how you came up with your business idea is described in the history and background section of your business plan, a customer profile should include psychographic data about the customer, but demographic data are not needed because opinions and lifestyle habits are the most important characteristics of customers, in addition to identifying the different products or services to sell, a business will have to select product features, a business plan may help to convince suppliers to extend credit to your company, lenders want to know exactly where your business will be because the location of a business is often a critical factor in its success, a balance sheet shows the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business at a particular point in time, in most family-owned businesses, the family members are able to keep business problems from affecting their private lives, depreciation is the raising of the value of an asset to reflect its current value, good business writing convinces readers that they should accept what the writer is offering them, a disadvantage of buying an existing business is that banks are less likely to lend to a new owner, entrepreneurs have changed American business throughout the history of the United Sates, stand-alone stores depend on drive-by traffic and must have plenty of parking, good signs, and effective lighting, the economic system of a country affects how an item is produced and distributed, but it does not affect the demand for the item, banks make financing decisions based on whether they think a company will be able to expand in three years, an advantage of a warehouse location is that it is one of the least expensive rentals, a florist shop is an example of a service business, the marketing section of a business plan should describe the research you plan to do to identify your prospective customers, different products and within the same category serve the same customer needs, a business plan only needs to set specific sales objectives for the short term and long term, successful entrepreneurs are confident and able to make quick decisions when necessary, memos are used to communicate company policies, assign tasks, or motivate employees, many entrepreneurs do not have enough money to purchase an existing business, when you concentrate your selling efforts on a certain type of individual, you will be more likely to sell that person what you want to sell, the target market is the individuals or companies that are intrested in a particular product or service and are willing and able to pay for it, community shopping centers usually have four or five anchor stores, while entering a family business can give entrepreneurs a sense of pride and satisfaction, they usually do not enjoy working with relatives, retailing businesses sell services directly to the people who use them, successful entrepreneurs need to set new goals every time a poor decision is made, rents at regional shopping centers are usually affordable, making them good choices for small businesses, the income statement show expenses you have not received and start-up costs you have not paid yet, in your business plan, you will need to identify who your target customer is and how you will keep your customers, successful employees will see their business flourish and make large profits, writing out a business plan helps you convince people to buy your product or service, channels of disbursement are the routes that products and services take from the time they are produced to the time they are consumed, anyone who does business for or with a company can receive an inter office memorandum, a business that must meet legal restrictions or regulations should include that information in an appendix, neighborhood shopping centers are small shopping centers that serve a certain neighborhood, psychographics are data that describe a group of people in terms of their tastes, opinions, personality traits, and lifestyle traits, the distribution and production of good and services is determined by individual choice in a command economy, a list of start-up costs includes one-time only expenses that are paid to establish a business, determining your aptitudes is the first step in performing a self-assesment, although more formal than a personal letter,a business letter should be easy to understand, in a market economy; whether or not a good sells determines whether it will continue to be produced, a business plan is helpful not only on the initial stages of your company but also in future decision making, before you buy a franchise, you should request a written list of all suppliers, the creativity of entrepreneurs has led to technological change and increased productivity, using psychographic and demographic data can help you identify the target market for your product or service, to create a proforma cash flow statement , you will need to estimate your monthly revenues and monthly operating expenses, when supply does not equal demand, the equilibrium price for the product or service is too low, john D. Rockfeller became the richest man in the world by controlling almost all oil distribution in the United Sates. The synthesis of cholesterol is a process that involves over 30 different steps. In a recent study, the drug sanguinarine demonstrated a strong activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while streptomycin was active against gram-negative strains, and EDTA had only bacteriostatic activity. The property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called _______ toxicity. Chylomicrons transport dietary lipids from the small intestine. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. Web5 These include G q coupling to the inositol triphosphate pathway, activation of phospholipases C, A 2, and D which contribute to eicosanoid production, activation of Ca 2+-dependent and MAP kinases, G i and G 12/13, and eventual activation of the Jak/STAT pathway leading to cell growth and production of extracellular matrix components. Some labels may be used more than once. 46) Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct? Your body grows and develops. A) primary structure. A. Nucleic acid sequences that undergo few changes over the course of evolutionary time are said to be conserved. In mutants that do not bind glyphosphate, the affinity for the substrate S3P is also reduced. MICRO CH 8 Complete the pathways for the synthesis of GMP and AMP by filling in the blanks with the appropriate item from the list at the right. Aldehydes are organic substances that contains a__ functional group on a terminal carbon. A) 10 B) 19 C) 20 D) 40, Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration They include: antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone Which of the following describes the cephalosporins? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not a polymer? Identify the major side effects of quinolones. When considering free energy change, biochemists define a biochemical standard state, G', which differs from the chemical standard state, G. About Our Coalition - Clean Air California The reason that paralogous genes can diverge from each other within the same gene pool, whereas orthologous genes diverge only after gene pools are isolated from each other, is that. They include: estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol Amine hormones - formed from animo acids. A) glucose. The S layer surrounding many bacterial cells is comprised of, The complex external covering composed of two or three layers found on the majority of bacteria is termed the cell. The broad-spectrum quinolones inhibit which of the following? Trimethoprim is used in combination with sulfamethoxazole to treat caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci. Which kind of DNA should provide the best molecular clock for determining the evolutionary relatedness of several species whose common ancestor became extinct billions of years ago? WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The spinal cord serves four principle functions: conduction, neural integration, locomotion and reflexes., Functions of the spinal cord include which of the following?, The spinal cord achieves the function of locomotion through __________. About Our Coalition - Clean Air California Choose the best explanation. C. True/ false: the primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause infection or spoilage. 3) Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats? E. All of the choices are correct depending on the type of microorganism observed., Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes Which term describes the process of some microbes dying while others live in the presence of antimicrobial agents? One who is uncomfortable with the. In most cases, an agent with a __ concentration will be more germicidal. Amino acid precursors for purines and pyrimidines? Quizlet antiseptics are used to destroy vegetative bacteria on: Gaseous and liquid chlorine compounds are mostly used for: Which of the following is/are types of nonionizing radiation? 57) The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. e the sarcolemma., The bond between the actin and myosin head is broken when a. an ATP molecule binds to the myosin head. consumers and producers together determine the prices and quantities of goods and services produced and more. Which describes the spectrum of activity of the tetracyclines? Terms in this set (20) Biomolecules. Drug ________ of microbes to specific drugs can increase as a result of genetic based changes in the target site (receptor) that the drug binds to. Which of the following molecules regulate the enzyme that catalyzes malonyl-CoA synthesis? The energy derived from the movement of H ions down an electrochemical gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix is used to drive the synthesis of ATP. ___ is the dehydration of microorganism in order to inhibit or preserve them. Chapter 7 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Microorganisms exhibit genomes contained on A. chromosomes. and more. If an agent acts on the cell wall, it can. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Which of the following is not a polymer? A sporicide agent can also be a __ because it can destroy bacterial endospores and leave an object free of all life. B) Antigens exhibit immunogenicity and reactivity. Which of the following interfere with folate metabolism? quaternary ammonium compounds are considered to be__-level disinfectants. The use of two or more drugs to treat one infection or disease is called __________ therapy. Adaptive and individualized, Reflex is the most effective and fun system for mastering basic facts in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division for grades 2+. An antimicrobial drug that is effective against a very diverse array of bacteria is described as __________ spectrum, whereas a drug that is very selective for a just a few different types of bacteria is described as __________ spectrum. Which two of the following antibiotics are used to treat tuberculosis? Fungicides__ fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts. Which staining technique allows differentiation of mycobacterial cells? of the hierarchical classification system differ from each other on the basis of. Multiple choice question. The tolerance of an antimicrobial agent at a level which would normally be inhibitory is called which of the following? 7) Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA? 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